I am experiencing this problem regularly and would appreciate any help you can give me.
I have used InDesign CS6 to create various print pieces -- ranging from one-page flyers to a 24-page, full-color magazine. In order to give my clients who do not have InDesign a proof copy, I have created PDFs by choosing "Adobe PDF" as the printer. The resulting PDF looks perfect, but when it is sent to a printer, random lines of text and portions of graphic files are missing. I am using Adobe Acrobat IX Pro.
The InDesign document looks perfect, and prints perfectly directly from InDesign to my printer, so I know it is not an issue with InDesign or with my printer. My clients also report that the PDFs look perfect on the screen, yet they have the same problem with missing type when printing to their printers. This leads me to believe it is a problem with Acrobat, so I have uninstalled and reinstalled Acrobat (via Creative Cloud). This did not fix the program.
If someone will share how to do so, I would be happy to upload/attach the InDesign file and PDF of one of the one-page pieces that is giving me problems, although I doubt they would yield any answers, as they look perfect on screen.